Depression: why it comes, how to recognize it, and how to start climbing out of it

Depresija: kodėl ji ateina, kaip atpažinti ir kaip pradėti iš jos išlipti

Many people experience depression at least once in their lives – not a temporary sadness after a failure, but a state where everything seems grey, meaningless, and difficult. There's no energy even for simple things: getting out of bed, replying to a message, taking a shower. Thoughts revolve around guilt, worthlessness, and sometimes – about "it would be better if I wasn't here."

This is not a "weakness" or "over-dramatization." Depression is a serious mental health disorder caused by changes in the brain's chemical balance, genetics, stress, trauma, or prolonged overwork. In Lithuania, about 5-10% of adults suffer from it, and many don't even know that it's a treatable illness.

How to recognize depression? Key symptoms

Depression lasts at least two weeks and affects almost all aspects of life. The most common signs are:

  • Persistent low mood, sadness, feelings of emptiness (usually for most of the day)
  • Loss of interest and pleasure in activities that were once enjoyed (anhedonia)
  • Decreased energy, severe fatigue even after rest
  • Sleep disturbances: insomnia or excessive sleeping
  • Appetite changes: weight loss or gain
  • Difficulty concentrating, making decisions
  • Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness
  • Thoughts of death or suicide (this is a serious signal to seek help immediately)
  • Physical symptoms: headaches, back pain, digestive problems without a clear cause

If you recognize at least 5 of these symptoms and they last for more than two weeks – it might be depression, not just a "bad week."

Why does depression occur? (not just "life is hard")

Depression usually arises from a combination of several factors:

  • Biological: imbalance of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine in the brain (which is why antidepressants often help restore balance)
  • Genetics: if close relatives have suffered from depression, the risk is higher
  • Stress and trauma: prolonged overwork, loss, violence, childhood experiences
  • Lifestyle: lack of sleep, poor nutrition, little physical activity, isolation
  • Other illnesses: thyroid problems, chronic diseases, hormonal fluctuations

A lack of dopamine is particularly strongly associated with a lack of motivation and anhedonia – which is why a person with depression "doesn't want anything."

How to start climbing out of depression? Real steps

Depression rarely goes away on its own – the longer you wait, the harder it gets. But the good news: proper treatment helps 70-80% of people.

  1. Seek help as soon as possible
    • Psychiatrist (can prescribe antidepressants, e.g., SSRIs)
    • Psychologist / psychotherapist (cognitive behavioral therapy CBT is most effective)
    • In Lithuania: polyclinic mental health centers, private clinics, helplines (Jaunimo linija 8 800 28888, Vilties linija 116 123, pagalbasau.lt)
  2. Small, but daily steps in self-help (while waiting for a specialist)
    • Try to maintain a rhythm: wake up / go to bed at the same time, eat regularly
    • Move at least 10-20 min. per day (a walk in the fresh air has a quick effect)
    • Limit alcohol, caffeine in the evening, screens 1-2 hours before bed
    • Start with micro-actions: 2 min. of stretching, 1 sentence in a diary, a glass of water
    • Talk to a loved one – isolation strengthens depression
  3. Long-term recovery
    • Treatment usually lasts 6-12 months (medication + therapy)
    • After symptoms disappear – continue for another 6-12 months to prevent relapse
    • Change lifestyle: sleep, nutrition, physical activity, relationships, search for meaning

Conclusion: depression is not a sentence, but a signal to change

Depression is not a "weakness," but a signal from the brain and body that something is wrong. It is treatable, and most people live fulfilling lives after treatment – with energy, joy, and motivation.

If it's hard to even read this article to the end right now – that's normal. Start with one small step: call a helpline or text a loved one "I'm struggling."

👉 You'll find specific protocols (with daily micro-steps, dopamine/serotonin support, energy recovery plan, and relapse prevention) here: protokodas.lt

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